Well, here are some amazing facts about our world that will help you know the universe you belong to…

The center of the earth is about 6,400 kilometers beneath our feet. It is nearly 13,000 kilometers to the other side of the world. Even if anyone invented a machine that could dig that far into the earth, it would not be able to go through the middle of the earth. The earth’s middle is made of rock so hot that it melted.

When the outside surface of the cooled down, long ago, it became like a shell of rock. This is the crust of the planet. The oceans and continents are on the top of this crust.

Below the ocean the crust is only 8 kilometers thick; and on dry land the crust is about 32 kilometers thick.

When you look at the map of the world we think that the continents have always been in the same places. For a long time this is what everyone believed. However, no most scientists think that long ago all the continents were joined together. This was the first continent, and all the scientists call it Pangaea.

180 million years ago the original Pangaea split into two big continents. They began to break free from each other.

135 million years ago North America began to move away from Europe. India began to move northwards towards Asia and Africa began to separate from South America.

65 million years ago South America was completely separated from Africa and drifted away to the north and west. The Atlantic Ocean began to become wider.

In present time, India has collided with Asia. South America has joined with North America. Australia has broken away from Antarctica.

For millions of years the earth’s atmosphere has not changed very much. Layers of gases have protected the earth from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays. Everyday we burn huge amounts of wood, coal, oil and gas. When they burn, these fuels give off a gas called carbon dioxide.

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1. Facts About Earthquakes Earthquakes are movements of the Earth’s surface, often as a...

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Here are some interesting volcano facts…
1. Santorini : The eruption of the Greek island of Santorini in c1450 BC, is considered to have been one of the most powerful volcanic eruptions.

2. Vesuvius, Italy : On 24th August AD79, Vesuvius erupted with little warning, engulfing the Roman city of Herculaneum in a mud flow. Nearby Pompeii was buried under a vast layer of pumice and volcanic ash. This preserved the city, in the bodies of many of its inhabitants, till it was excavated by archaeologists in the 19th and 20th centuries.

3. Laki, Iceland : Iceland is one of the most volcanically active places on earth. On 11th June 1783, the largest lava flow ever recorded engulfed many villages in a river of lava measuring upto 80 km in length and 30 m in depth. It released poisonous gases that killed those who managed to escape the lava flow.

4. Unsen, Japan : On 1st April 1793, the volcanic island of Unsen completely disappeared under the lave flow.

5. Tambora, Indonesia : On the island of Sumbawa the eruption of tambora, between 5th and 12th April 1815, killed approximately 10,000 people instantly. Another 82,000 died over a period of time due to disease and famine.

6. Krakatoa, Sumatra/Java : The uninhabited island of Krakatoa exploded on 27th August 1883, with what may have been the biggest bang ever heard by humans. People heard it up to a distance of approximately 4,800 km.

7. Mont Pelee, Martinique : Mont Pelee began to erupt in April 1902, after lying dormant for centuries. The volcano finally burst apart on 8th May, showering the port with molten lava, ash and gas, destroying all the buildings and taking a large number of lives.

8. Nevado del Ruiz, Colombia : In 1985, this Andean volcano gave warning signs that it was about to erupt; but the local people were not evacuated soon enough. On 13th November, the hot steam, rocks and ash ejected from Nevado del Ruiz melted its icecap, causing a mudslide. This completely engulfed the town of Armero.

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Given in this article are some global warming facts for kids.
All the time more and more people are taking birth. These people need somewhere to live and work; and they need food to eat. People occupy space. They need space for their farms; their factories; their houses and roads.

In addition, this is why people have become very smart when making good use of the things nature has to offer. Moreover, the more the people take for themselves, the less is being left for the existence of natural resources and wildlife.

If the homes of animals are destroyed, they may not be able to survive anywhere else. But, how can we provide more space for a growing population without destroying the space, or habitat, of the wild animals and plants? It is a problem that needs a lot of thinking and working out.

Sadly, people are too shortsighted. They do whatever they want without thinking of the consequences. They do not think about the results of their actions in years to come. Everywhere in the world people are using up more and more land.

In many places, an area of forest is cut down to make room for crops. When all the goodness in the soil has been used up, the people more to another place. They leave the forest to grow back. In the meantime, the weather is disrupted in the area.

Lakes and rivers are often polluted because drains from towns and factories empty into them. And, factories sometimes dump very harmful chemicals into the water. The chemicals poison the water. This also causes acid rain in certain areas.

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Well, for all those budding scientists, here are some interesting science facts for kids…

Whenever a thing moves, something makes it move. Something is either pushing it or pulling it, the way you may pull something or then pull something. The push or the pull that makes a thing move is called ‘force’. For example, a force made by you carries the swing forwards and then upwards. When there is no push, the swing will come to a stop.

There is an invisible something that pushes you when a car starts and stops.
What is this?
It is called as inertia. Inertia is the name given to the way objects behave, both when they are still and when they are moving. So, inertia holds you back and it is inertia that keeps you moving.

When you want to slow down your bicycle, you use the brakes. As you pull the levers towards the handlebars, the brake pads rub against the wheels and slow down the bicycle.

The rubbing of the brake pad against the wheel is called friction. In addition, friction is what makes moving objects slow down.

The wings of an airplane have a special shape. They are curved on top and straight beneath. This helps to lift the plane into the sky. As the plane begins to move, the wings begin to cut through the air.

The air moves above the curved top of the wing and beneath the straight bottom. The air moving over each wing pushes down on it. In addition, the air moving underneath lifts it up.

Sound waves spread out like a ripple on a pond. The further they travel the weaker they become.

An engine’s power can be measured in horsepower. A 150-horsepower engine is as strong as 150 horses.

Solid wooden wheels were very heavy, so a lighter wheel had to be invented. The outer rim was joined to the central wooden axle hole by rods called spokes. The wooden circle through which the axle poked was called a hub.

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In fact, with proper intake of calories and burning calories accordingly helps us remain disease-free.

Here are some nutritional facts for kids…

A calorie (capital ‘C’), is a unit that measures the amount of energy in foods. It is also known as a kilocalorie and is equal to 1,000 calories (small ‘c’).

A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade. An adult might burn upto 3,000 Calories a day. Eating too many Calories that the body does not use for energy may make you fat.

Nutritionists and scientists also use another unit, the kilojoule, for measuring the energy in food. One Calorie equals 0.004184 kilojoules.

Given below is the amount of calories one can burn by doing certain activities (It is a per hour count):
Squash – 844
Skipping – 704
Swimming – 704
Rowing – 563
Football – 493
Tennis – 493
Roller skating – 493
Aerobics – 422
Cricket – 352
Gardening – 352
Dancing – 317
Golf – 281
Table tennis – 281
Walking a dog – 246
Playing a piano – 176
Standing – 120
Sitting – 90
Sleeping – 65

How much food do you think you will eat in a lifetime?
According to experts, an average person will eat more that 50 tonnes of food over an 80-year lifespan.

Here are some interesting figures…

An interesting fact…
The world drinks over 150 billion liters of bottled water every year. That is enough to fill 60,000 Olympic-size swimming pools.

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An earthquake occurs when there is a sudden movement in the rocks underground.

Earthquakes happen where the plates of the earth’s crust are moving in different directions. The rocks in the crust begin to bend because of the pressure, just as a stick would snap if you keep bending it.

If the earthquake happens under the ocean, then it results in waves that travel through the water. They move in the same way that the ripples travel out from a pebble thrown into a pond. Waves made by earthquakes are called ‘tsunami’.

Given here are some recorded facts about earthquakes:
1. The worst ever earthquake to have occurred in the Middle East and North Africa was on 20th May 1202. This has been considered to be the worst ever known earthquake in which about 10,00,000 people lost there lives.

2. On 2nd February 1556, 8,20,000 people were killed in the earthquake that rocked Shenshi in China.

3. On 11th October 1737, a deadly earthquake is known to have rocked Calcutta in India, killing about 3,00,000 people.

4. On 16th December 1920, an earthquake and landslides in Kansu Province left approximately 1,80,000 people dead.

5. An earthquake in Tang-shan, China, on 28th July 1976, left approximately 2,42,000 people dead.

6. An earthquake that rocked Kashmir going up to parts of Pakistan, on 11th October 2005, caused the death of approximately 1,00,000 people.

7. An earthquake does not last more than a minute, two; however, an earthquake that rocked Alaska, on 27th March 1964, lasted for approximately 5 minutes. Thankfully, only 131 deaths happened. However, the damage done amounted to approximately 450,000,000 Dollars.

8. On 26th December 2004, a Tsunami was created by an undersea earthquake, which caused catastrophic floods in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, The Maldives, Malaysia, India and a few parts of Africa, leaving over 2,83,000 people dead.

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Food gives you energy. It helps you to grow and be healthy.

The foods you eat are made up of different components – Proteins, fats, vitamins and proteins.

Proteins help your body to grow. They help your body to make muscles, skin and other organs and blood. They also help your body to mend when it is damaged.

Carbohydrates help your stay warm.

There are many different minerals such as calcium and iron and vitamins – A, B, C, D and E.

Keep your gums and teeth clean. Remove all the harmful bits of food that get stuck in your mouth, otherwise it will cause toothache, tooth decay and bad breath.

Your body is filled with muscles. You have more than 600 of them. Some of your muscles are fastened to your bones; and these muscles help you to move.

If doctors want to know how fast your heart is beating, they take your pulse. They can feel how fast the blood is being pushed through the artery in your wrist.

Blood flows away from your heart through your arteries. Blood flows back to your heart through your veins.

Almost every human being has some, or the other phobia. What is phobia? A phobia is an intense fear of a particular animal, situation, activity, or object. The fear is so much that it can affect one’s mental and physical health.

In the health facts here is given a list of the various phobias:

• Arachnophobia : Fear of spiders
• Ophidiophobia : Fear of snakes
• Aviatophobia, or Aerophobia : Fear of flying in a plane, helicopter, etc. (Imagine if birds had this phobia!)
• Agoraphobia, Cenophobia, or Kenophobia : Fear of open spaces
• Claustrophobia, or Clithrophobia : Fear of confined, or closed spaces
• Acrophobia, Altophobia, or Hypsophobia : Fear of heights
• Pogonophobia : Fear of beards (Santa Clause will not visit those with this phobia)
• Chorophobia : Fear of dancing
• Pediophobia : Fear of dolls
• Ichthyphobia : Fear of fish
• Batrachophobia : Fear of frogs
• Chaetophobia : Fear of Hair
• Eisoptrophobia : Fear of mirrors
• Triskaidekaphobia : Fear of number 13
• Linonophobia : Fear of strings
• Odontophobia : Fear of teeth

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Keep in mind every child’s quest for animal facts; here is some interesting information about the varied animals around the world…

1. When a kangaroo is frightened, the joey dives headfirst in its mother’s pouch and then she begins to leap away.

2. Grass eating animals usually live together in herds for safety reasons. This is because an animal grazing alone may not notice, see or hear the on-coming danger.

3. When the wolves attack herds of the shaggy musk oxen, they quickly form a large circle around the young oxen in order to protect them.

4. A mother polar bear makes a den for the winter where she gives birth to her cubs. They spend the winter in the den cuddled up together to her warm body. She survives on the fat, which is stored up in her body; the little ones survive on her milk.

5. Beavers are known as expert builders. They use their sharp teeth to cut down young trees to build their home known as a lodge. Their home is usually built in the middle of a pond. They can access this lodge only through a tunnel, which they construct.

5. Bats are the only mammals that can fly. Most bats live in caves in large groups called colonies. Most bats spend most of their time hanging upside down by their toes. They sleep during the day and only come out at night.

6. Seals, sea lions and walruses belong to a group of sea mammals. They are known as pinnipeds, which implies – ‘fin-foot’. Their fins are flattened feet.

7. Whales have no sense of smell and most of them have poor eyesight. However, their senses of touch and hearing are very good.

8. As soon as a baby snake hatches out of its egg, it can do everything that the grown up snake can do – They find their own food and look after themselves. The poisonous little ones can also bite. They do all of this naturally; they do not have to be taught these survival actions.

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